This fourteenth annual volume includes eight full papers and three research notes. As for data collection, most articles deploy either a quantitative or qualitative approach while two present conceptual models.



Advances in Hospitality and Leisure (AHL), a peer-reviewed research journal, has been published annually since 2004. AHL is indexed in Scopus and included in the Australian Business Deans Council (ABDC) journal quality list. Its editors, editorial board members and ad-hoc reviewers include scholars from North America, Europe and Asia-Pacific. AHL utilizes this international focus to participate in innovative methods of inquiry and inspire new research topics that are vital and have been in large neglected in the context of hospitality, tourism, and leisure. It strives to address the needs of the populace willing to disseminate seminal ideas, concepts, and theories derived from scholarly inquiries. This volume includes full papers and research notes which discuss conceptual models and empirical investigations using inductive and deductive methods. Potential readers may retrieve useful articles to outline new research agendas, suggest viable topics for a dissertation work, and augment the knowledge of the new subjects of learning.