In contrast to the traditional and unidirectional views of parenting, this text conveys a dynamic view of parenting whereby children affect parents just as much as parents affect children. At the same time, the book is parent-centered, with an emphasis on such questions as why parents behave the way they do, rather than taking a child-centered approach (e.g., how parents provide a context for development). In doing so, the text reflects a multi-level ecological approach to childrearing. Rather than viewing parenting as monolithic and static (such as embodied in a parenting style ), a more complex view is articulated. The focus is on processes inherent in parenting (e.g., attachment, child effects, the role of stress) that may contribute to both stability and change in child rearing. Parents' change is recognized-across situations, domain of interaction, children, and time. Although written from a psychological perspective, views from other disciplines - including sociology, criminology, anthropology, and pediatrics - are also discussed where appropriate. Research is presented in a way that is accessible and interesting but also accurate and intellectually rich.